factors affecting seed germination pdf

1. What are the factors that affect seed germination?
2. What are four basic factors to consider for successful germination?
3. What is seed germination PDF?
4. What are the three factors that affect seed viability?
5. What is the first stage of germination?
6. What are the steps of germination?
7. What are the 3 conditions necessary for germination?
8. Why do seeds need oxygen to germinate?
9. What are the methods of sowing seeds?
10. What is germination and types?
11. What are the 4 main functions of roots?
12. How does temperature affect seed viability?
13. How can we test the seed Vigour?
14. How do you test for seed viability?
15. What are the 6 steps of germination?
16. What are the 5 stages of plant life cycle?
17. What are the two types of germination?
18. What are the 4 steps of germination?
19. What are the 4 stages of plant growth?
20. What are the important abiotic factors affecting seed germination?

What are the factors that affect seed germination?

Environmental factors such as temperature, light, pH, and soil moisture are known to affect seed germination (Chachalis and Reddy 2000; Taylorson 1987). Burial depth of seed also affects seed germination and seedling emer- gence.

What are four basic factors to consider for successful germination?

There are four environmental factors that affect seed germination: Water, Light, Oxygen, and Heat.

What is seed germination PDF?

Page 1. VIII. SEED GERMINATION. Germination is defined as the emergence and development from the seed embryo of those essential structures which, for the kind of seed in question, indicate its ability to produce a normal plant under favourable conditions. Structure.

What are the three factors that affect seed viability?

A variety of factors can affect seed viability such as the ability of the plant to produce viable seeds, predator and pathogen damage, and environmental conditions like flooding or heat. The age of the seed also affects its health and germination ability.

What is the first stage of germination?

The first stage of germination, called imbibition, occurs when the seed is exposed to water. The seed absorbs water though its seed coat. As this happens, the seed coat softens. Next, water triggers the seed to begin converting starch to sugar.

What are the steps of germination?

The Seed Germination Process :

• Imbibition: water fills the seed.
• The water activates enzymes that begin the plant's growth.
• The seed grows a root to access water underground.
• The seed grows shoots that grow towards the sun.
• The shoots grow leaves and begin photmorphogenesis.

What are the 3 conditions necessary for germination?

All seeds need water, oxygen, and proper temperature in order to germinate. Some seeds require proper light also. Some germinate better in full light while others require darkness to germinate. When a seed is exposed to the proper conditions, water and oxygen are taken in through the seed coat.

Why do seeds need oxygen to germinate?

Seeds need oxygen so that they can produce energy for germination and growth. The embryo gets energy by breaking down its food stores. Like all organisms, this is done through a process known as aerobic respiration. —a series of reactions where energy is released from glucose, using oxygen.

What are the methods of sowing seeds?

There are various methods used for sowing the seeds.

• Traditional Method. A funnel-shaped tool is used to sow the seeds traditionally. ...
• Broadcasting. ...
• Dibbling. ...
• Drilling. ...
• Seed Dropping behind the Plough. ...
• Transplanting. ...
• Hill Dropping. ...
• Check Row Planting.

What is germination and types?

The three main types are: (1) Hypogeal Germination (2) Epigeal Germination and (3) Vivipary (Viviparous Germination).

What are the 4 main functions of roots?

The first root that comes from a plant is called the radicle. A root's four major functions are 1) absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, 2) anchoring of the plant body to the ground, and supporting it, 3) storage of food and nutrients, 4) trans locating water and minerals to the stem.

How does temperature affect seed viability?

Temperature affects germination in three primary ways: moisture, hormone production, and enzyme activity. For seeds to germinate, they need to imbibe water. For this to occur, sufficient moisture must be present. A warmer climate may increase evaporation and decrease moisture, which would negatively affect germination.

How can we test the seed Vigour?

1. SEED VIGOUR TESTING. P.e. GUPTA. ...
2. Growth Tests. Principles: Growth tests arc based on the principle that vigorous seeds grow at a faster rate than poor vigour seeds even under favourable environments. ...
3. Conductivity Test. ...
4. Hiltner Test (Brick gravel test) ...
5. Paper Piercing Test. ...
6. Cold Test. ...
7. Accelerated Ageing Test.

How do you test for seed viability?

If you have large seeds like peas, beans and corn left over from last year, an easy way to test for their viability is to fill a shallow pan with water and pour the seeds in. If they sink, they're fine. If they float, toss them.

What are the 6 steps of germination?

For humans, the progression is infant, toddler, adolescent, young adult, middle aged adult, and senior citizen, while plants go from seed to sprout, then through vegetative, budding, flowering and ripening stages.

What are the 5 stages of plant life cycle?

The major stages of the flower life cycle are the seed, germination, growth, reproduction, pollination, and seed spreading stages.

What are the two types of germination?

There are two types of germination:

• Epigeal Germination: In this type of germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. ...
• Hypogeal Germination: In this type of germination, the epicotyl elongates and the cotyledons remain below the soil.

What are the 4 steps of germination?

Such five changes or steps occurring during seed germination are: (1) Imbibition (2) Respiration (3) Effect of Light on Seed Germination(4) Mobilization of Reserves during Seed Germination and Role of Growth Regulators and (5) Development of Embryo Axis into Seedling.

What are the 4 stages of plant growth?

Basic Facts

• The average plant goes through four stages: seed, sprout, seedling, adult plant.
• Seed. Through pollination (pollen reaches the stigma) and ferilization (the pollen and stigma join), a seed is formed. ...
• Sprout. The next stage, the sprout, is when the shoot reaches the surface. ...
• Seedling. ...
• Adult Plant.

What are the important abiotic factors affecting seed germination?

Abiotic factors such as drought, light, salinity, seed burial depth, soil pH, and temperature as well as disturbance events such as a fire, flooding or tillage can play an important role in initiating or inhibiting seed germination [3–4].