list of crop wild relatives

What do you mean by wild relatives?

Crop wild relatives are wild plant species that are genetically related to cultivated crops. Untended by humans, they continue to evolve in the wild, developing traits – such as drought tolerance or pest resistance – that farmers and breeders can cross with domesticated crops to produce new varieties.

Which of the following is wild relatives of wheat?

Wild relatives of wheat: Aegilops–Triticum accessions disclose differential antioxidative and physiological responses to water stress.

Why are crop wild relatives important?

Crop wild relatives may contribute genetic material to the crop species, which may provide for increased disease resistance, fertility, crop yield or other desirable traits. Almost every species of plant that we humans have domesticated and cultivate has one or more crop wild relatives.

What is wild variety?

In other words CWR are all those species found growing in the wild that to some degree are genetically related to food. fodder and forage crops, medicinal plants, condiments, ornamental and forestry species used by humankind.

What do you mean by genetic erosion?

Genetic erosion (also known as genetic depletion) is a process where the limited gene pool of an endangered species diminishes even more when reproductive individuals die off before reproducing with others in their endangered low population. ... By definition, endangered species suffer varying degrees of genetic erosion.

What is the wild progenitor of maize and where is it found?

The allele frequencies of another Mexican annual teosinte, Z. mays ssp. parviglumis or Balsas teosinte, are essentially indistinguishable from those of maize. These data suggest that Balsas teosinte is the teosinte most closely related to maize, and therefore the likely progenitor of maize.

When was maize first cultivated?

Maize was domesticated from teosinte, a wild grass growing in the lower reaches of the Balsas River Valley of Central Mexico, around 9,000 years ago. There is evidence maize was first cultivated in the Maya lowlands around 6,500 years ago, at about the same time that it appears along the Pacific coast of Mexico.

Where is wild rice from?

Wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) is native to North America and grows predominantly in the Great Lakes region. This large-seeded species, one of four species of wild rice, is in the grass family (Poaceae) and has been eaten by people since prehistoric times.

What is the importance of crop?

Importance of Crop Production

Agronomic crops provide the food, feed grain, oil, and fiber for domestic consumption and are a major component of U.S. export trade. Horticultural plants — those grown specifically for human use — offer variety to human diets and enhance the living environment.

Are plants considered wildlife?

defined as all forms of life that are wild (including plants, animals and microorganisms). These guidelines consider only forest-dependent terrestrial and amphibious forms of wildlife in its recommendations.

What is the value of seed banks?

Seed banks protect and save plant genetic diversity, which is important for a number of reasons. These saved and viable seeds contain a treasure trove of useful genes that breeders can use for developing improved varieties of our major food crops.

Does maize grow in the wild?

It is a human invention, a plant that does not exist naturally in the wild. It can only survive if planted and protected by humans. Scientists believe people living in central Mexico developed corn at least 7000 years ago. It was started from a wild grass called teosinte.

Can inbreeding cause extinction?

Human activities are simultaneously decreasing the size of wildlife populations (causing inbreeding) and increasing the level of stress that wildlife populations must face. Inbreeding reduces population fitness and increases extinction risk.

How can genetic erosion be prevented?

Multiple strategies have been adopted to prevent the loss of genetic variation of plant species. One of them is ex situ conservation, which consists in the maintenance of germplasm accessions in gene bank facilities to avoid changes of genetic structure as well as extinction.

What is genetic erosion PDF?

Genetic erosion is the loss of genetic diversity, including the loss of individual genes, and the loss. of particular combinations of genes (i.e. of gene-complexes) such as those manifested in locally adapted landraces.

Is maize a type of grass?

Maize is an annual grass in the family Gramineae, which includes such plants as wheat, rye, barley, rice, sorghum, and sugarcane. There are two major species of the genus Zea (out of six total): Zea mays (maize) and Zea diploperennis, which is a perennial type of teosinte.

How many genes are different between teosinte and corn?

Beadle came to conclude that four or five genes are responsible for the differences between maize and teosinte.

What is the wild progenitor of maize?

parviglumis Iltis & Doebley) is a progenitor of maize (Matsuoka et al., 2002). Teosinte is a wild grass natively grown in Mexico and some Central American countries including Nicaragua (Iltis and Benz, 2000), Guatemala (Wilkes, 1977), and Honduras (Standley, 2015); refer to Figure 1 for geographical representation.

What is difference between maize and corn?

Corn and maize are both terms that reference the same cereal grain. Corn is primarily used in the North American english vernacular, whereas maize is used in the British english vernacular. Though the two words are often used interchangeably, they can have substantially separate applications.

Who had corn first?

Corn was first domesticated by native peoples in Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Native Americans taught European colonists to grow the indigenous grains, and, since its introduction into Europe by Christopher Columbus and other explorers, corn has spread to all areas of the world suitable to its cultivation.

Which crop is also known as Camel crop?

Much of the world is turning hotter and dryer these days, and it's opening new doors for a water-saving cereal that's been called "the camel of crops": sorghum.